Pods:

Pods are the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes. They can contain one or more containers and share the same network and storage space.

ReplicaSets:

ReplicaSets ensure that a specified number of pod replicas are running. They are used to maintain high application availability.

Deployments:

Deployments provide a declarative way to manage pods and replicaSets. They make it easy to deploy new versions of applications and roll back to previous versions.

Services:

Services expose applications as a network or DNS service, allowing pods to communicate with each other and the external world.

Ingress:

Ingress is used to manage external access to services within the cluster. It acts as an entry layer for HTTP and HTTPS traffic.

ConfigMaps and Secrets:

ConfigMaps store key-value configuration settings, while Secrets store sensitive information such as passwords and tokens.

Volumes:

Volumes are used for persistent and shared storage between pods. Different volume types are available, such as EBS, NFS, Azure Disk, among others.

Namespace:

Namespaces are used to organize and isolate resources within a cluster. They are useful for segregating environments like production and development.

Helm:

Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes that enables easy creation, sharing, and deployment of applications using charts.

Prometheus and Grafana:

These tools are common for monitoring and metric generation in a Kubernetes cluster. Prometheus collects data, while Grafana provides visualization and alerts.

Kubelet:

The Kubelet is the agent running on cluster nodes, ensuring containers run in a pod.

Kube Proxy:

Kube Proxy is responsible for routing network requests to the correct pods and services.